Roman Numeral Converter

Enter a number to see it in Roman numerals, or a Roman numeral such as MCMXCIV to see its value — the converter recognizes which one you typed and shows each step. Switch to Date to turn a birthday or wedding date into Roman numerals.

Breakdown	`MM + XX + VI`
Place values	2,000 + 20 + 6

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The seven Roman numerals

Numeral	I	V	X	L	C	D	M
Value	1	5	10	50	100	500	1,000

The rules

Add from left to right when the letters get smaller or stay equal: VI = 5 + 1 = 6, LXX = 50 + 10 + 10 = 70.
Subtract a smaller letter placed before a larger one, but only in six pairs: IV = 4, IX = 9, XL = 40, XC = 90, CD = 400, CM = 900. So 99 is XCIX (90 + 9), never IC.
Repeat a letter at most three times: 3 is III, but 4 is IV. V, L and D are never repeated.
Write each place value separately, thousands first: convert the thousands, hundreds, tens and ones one by one and put them side by side.

Worked example: 1994

Split 1994 into place values: 1,000 + 900 + 90 + 4. Then convert each part: 1,000 = M, 900 = CM, 90 = XC, 4 = IV. Side by side: MCMXCIV. Going the other way, read MCMXCIV left to right: M (1,000), then C before M means 900, X before C means 90, I before V means 4 — 1,994 again. The converter shows the same breakdown for any number you enter.

Numbers above 3,999

With the usual letters the largest number is 3,999 (MMMCMXCIX). For larger numbers a bar, called a vinculum, over a numeral multiplies it by 1,000: V̅ = 5,000, X̅ = 10,000, M̅ = 1,000,000. The converter uses bars from 4,000 upward, so 4,000 is I̅V̅ and 2,026,000 is M̅M̅X̅X̅V̅I̅. Some older tables write 4,000 as MMMM instead; both forms appear in historical sources.

Dates in Roman numerals

For a tattoo, ring engraving or wedding invitation, each part of the date is converted on its own: 14 October 2026 becomes XIV.X.MMXXVI in the day-month-year order used in most of the world, or X.XIV.MMXXVI in the American month-day-year order. Pick the order the people reading it will expect and check the result twice before it is engraved — X and XI, or IV and VI, are easy to mix up. Some people shorten the year to its last two digits (XXVI for 2026); the converter shows that version too.

Chart: Roman numerals 1 to 100

No.	Roman	No.	Roman	No.	Roman	No.	Roman
1	I	26	XXVI	51	LI	76	LXXVI
2	II	27	XXVII	52	LII	77	LXXVII
3	III	28	XXVIII	53	LIII	78	LXXVIII
4	IV	29	XXIX	54	LIV	79	LXXIX
5	V	30	XXX	55	LV	80	LXXX
6	VI	31	XXXI	56	LVI	81	LXXXI
7	VII	32	XXXII	57	LVII	82	LXXXII
8	VIII	33	XXXIII	58	LVIII	83	LXXXIII
9	IX	34	XXXIV	59	LIX	84	LXXXIV
10	X	35	XXXV	60	LX	85	LXXXV
11	XI	36	XXXVI	61	LXI	86	LXXXVI
12	XII	37	XXXVII	62	LXII	87	LXXXVII
13	XIII	38	XXXVIII	63	LXIII	88	LXXXVIII
14	XIV	39	XXXIX	64	LXIV	89	LXXXIX
15	XV	40	XL	65	LXV	90	XC
16	XVI	41	XLI	66	LXVI	91	XCI
17	XVII	42	XLII	67	LXVII	92	XCII
18	XVIII	43	XLIII	68	LXVIII	93	XCIII
19	XIX	44	XLIV	69	LXIX	94	XCIV
20	XX	45	XLV	70	LXX	95	XCV
21	XXI	46	XLVI	71	LXXI	96	XCVI
22	XXII	47	XLVII	72	LXXII	97	XCVII
23	XXIII	48	XLVIII	73	LXXIII	98	XCVIII
24	XXIV	49	XLIX	74	LXXIV	99	XCIX
25	XXV	50	L	75	LXXV	100	C

Hundreds up to 1,000

Number	Roman
100	C
200	CC
300	CCC
400	CD
500	D
600	DC
700	DCC
800	DCCC
900	CM
1,000	M

Recent years

Year	Roman
1990	MCMXC
1999	MCMXCIX
2000	MM
2010	MMX
2020	MMXX
2024	MMXXIV
2025	MMXXV
2026	MMXXVI
2027	MMXXVII
2030	MMXXX

Where Roman numerals are still used

Clock and watch faces (often with IIII for 4)
Names of monarchs and popes (Charles III, Leo XIV) and family suffixes (John Smith III)
Super Bowl numbers, Olympic Games and film sequels
Copyright years in film and television credits
Book chapters, outlines and the front pages of books (i, ii, iii)

Frequently asked questions

What is 2026 in Roman numerals?

2026 is MMXXVI: MM (2,000) + XX (20) + VI (6).

Is there a zero in Roman numerals?

No. The Roman system had no numeral for zero; the converter starts at 1. Medieval writers sometimes used the word “nulla” for nothing.

Why do clocks show IIII instead of IV?

It is an old clockmakers’ tradition. Explanations include visual balance with VIII on the other side and easier casting, but there is no single proven reason. Both forms read as 4.

What is the largest Roman numeral?

With the seven letters alone it is 3,999 (MMMCMXCIX). With a bar over numerals to multiply by 1,000, the converter goes up to 3,999,999.

How do I write 4, 9, 40 and 90?

With subtraction: IV (4), IX (9), XL (40) and XC (90). Similarly 400 is CD and 900 is CM.

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Last updated: October 14, 2026